16 hot topic(s) found with the query "Pulmonary hypertension"
Evidence Used to Update the List of Underlying Medical Conditions Associated with Higher Risk for Severe COVID-19
CDC Science Brief, October 14, 2021
(Posted: Oct 16, 2021 8AM)
Chronic lung disease (including bronchiectasis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism, tuberculosis) and chronic liver disease (including cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, and autoimmune hepatitis) were added September 2021 based on evidence published between December 1, 2019 and August 31, 2021 using the updated review methods outlined below. Mental health disorders (such as mood disorders including depression, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders) were added September 2021 based on evidence published between December 1, 2019 and August 31, 2021.
No conditions were removed from the previous underlying medical conditions list.
Molecular genetic framework underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Southgate Laura et al. Nature reviews. Cardiology 2019 Aug
(Posted: Nov 06, 2019 9AM)
Precision medicine: The future of diagnostic approach to pulmonary hypertension?
Kedzierski Piotr et al. Anatolian journal of cardiology 2019 Sep (4) 168-171
(Posted: Nov 06, 2019 9AM)
Can You Inherit Pulmonary Hypertension? Heres What You Should Know
Cleveland Clinic, December 10, 2018
(Posted: Dec 11, 2018 10AM)
Genetics in pulmonary arterial hypertension in a large homogeneous Japanese population.
Gamou S et al. Clinical genetics 2018 Jul (1) 70-80
(Posted: Aug 08, 2018 11AM)
Recent advances in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Wilkins Martin R et al. F1000Research 2018
(Posted: Aug 08, 2018 11AM)
Pulmonary Hypertension Fact Sheet
CDC Information, 2018
(Posted: Aug 08, 2018 11AM)
A systematic review of genetic mutations in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Garcia-Rivas Gerardo et al. BMC medical genetics 2017 08 (1) 82
(Posted: Mar 07, 2018 9AM)
Pathways to pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease: the search for prevention and early intervention.
Shilo Natalie R et al. Expert review of hematology 2017 10 (10) 875-890
(Posted: Mar 07, 2018 9AM)
Heritable pulmonary hypertension: from bench to bedside.
Girerd Barbara et al. European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society 2017 Sep (145)
(Posted: Mar 07, 2018 9AM)
Precision medicine in pulmonary hypertension: Start with the end (point).
Mathai Stephen C et al. International journal of cardiology 2018 Apr 257339-340
(Posted: Mar 07, 2018 9AM)
Pulmonary Embolism
From NHLBI health topic site
(Posted: Jan 11, 2014 11AM)
What Is
Pulmonary embolism (PULL-mun-ary EM-bo-lizm), or PE, is a sudden blockage in a lung artery. The blockage usually is caused by a blood clot that travels to the lung from a vein in the leg.
A clot that forms in one part of the body and travels in the bloodstream to another part of the body is called an embolus (EM-bo-lus).
PE is a serious condition that can:
?Damage part of your lung because of a lack of blood flow to your lung tissue. This damage may lead to pulmonary hypertension (increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries).
?Cause low oxygen levels in your blood.
?Damage other organs in your body because of a lack of oxygen.
If a blood clot is large, or if there are many clots, PE can cause death.
Overview
PE most often is a complication of a condition called deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In DVT, blood clots form in the deep veins of the body?most often in the legs. These clots can break free, travel through the bloodstream to the lungs, and block an artery.
Deep vein clots are not like clots in veins close to the skin's surface. Those clots remain in place and do not cause PE.
Outlook
The exact number of people affected by DVT and PE isn't known. Estimates suggest these conditions affect 300,000 to 600,000 people in the United States each year.
If left untreated, about 30 percent of patients who have PE will die. Most of those who die do so within the first few hours of the event.
The good news is that a prompt diagnosis and proper treatment can save lives and help prevent the complications of PE.
Other Names
?Venous thromboembolism (VTE). This term is used for both pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis.
Pulmonary Hypertension
From NHLBI health topic site
(Posted: Jan 01, 2014 0AM)
What Is
Pulmonary hypertension (PULL-mun-ary HI-per-TEN-shun), or PH, is increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries. These arteries carry blood from your heart to your lungs to pick up oxygen.
PH causes symptoms such as shortness of breath during routine activity (for example, climbing two flights of stairs), tiredness, chest pain, and a racing heartbeat. As the condition worsens, its symptoms may limit all physical activity.
Overview
To understand PH, it helps to understand how your heart and lungs work. Your heart has two sides, separated by an inner wall called the septum.
Each side of your heart has an upper and lower chamber. The lower right chamber of your heart, the right ventricle (VEN-trih-kul), pumps blood to your pulmonary arteries. The blood then travels to your lungs, where it picks up oxygen.
The upper left chamber of your heart, the left atrium (AY-tree-um), receives the oxygen-rich blood from your lungs. The blood is then pumped into the lower left chamber of your heart, the left ventricle. From the left ventricle, the blood is pumped to the rest of your body through an artery called the aorta.
For more information about the heart and lungs, go to the Diseases and Conditions Index How the Heart Works and How the Lungs Work articles.
PH begins with inflammation and changes in the cells that line your pulmonary arteries. Other factors also can affect the pulmonary arteries and cause PH. For example, the condition may develop if:
?The walls of the arteries tighten.
?The walls of the arteries are stiff at birth or become stiff from an overgrowth of cells.
?Blood clots form in the arteries.
These changes make it hard for your heart to push blood through your pulmonary arteries and into your lungs. As a result, the pressure in your arteries rises. Also, because your heart is working harder than normal, your right ventricle becomes strained and weak.
Your heart may become so weak that it can't pump enough blood to your lungs. This causes heart failure. Heart failure is the most common cause of death in people who have PH.
PH is divided into five groups based on its causes. In all groups, the average pressure in the pulmonary arteries is higher than 25 mmHg at rest or 30 mmHg during physical activity. The pressure in normal pulmonary arteries is 8?20 mmHg at rest. (The mmHg is millimeters of mercury?the units used to measure blood pressure.)
Other diseases or conditions, such as heart and lung diseases or blood clots, usually cause PH. Some people inherit the condition (that is, their parents pass the genes for PH on to them). In some cases, the cause isn't known.
Outlook
PH has no cure. However, research for new treatments is ongoing. The earlier PH is treated, the easier it is to control.
Treatments include medicines, procedures, and other therapies. These treatments can relieve PH symptoms and slow the progress of the disease. Lifestyle changes also can help control symptoms.
Other Names
Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) that occurs without a known cause often is called primary PAH or idiopathic (id-ee-o-PATH-ick) PAH.
Group 1 PAH that occurs with a known cause often is called associated PAH. For example, PAH that occurs in a person who has scleroderma might be called "PAH occurring in association with scleroderma," or simply "scleroderma-associated PAH."
Groups 2?5 pulmonary hypertension (PH) sometimes are called secondary PH.
Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
From NHLBI health topic site
(Posted: Jan 01, 2014 0AM)
Also known as Pickwickian Syndrome
What Is
Obesity hypoventilation (HI-po-ven-tih-LA-shun) syndrome (OHS) is a breathing disorder that affects some obese people. In OHS, poor breathing results in too much carbon dioxide (hypoventilation) and too little oxygen in the blood (hypoxemia).
OHS sometimes is called Pickwickian syndrome.
Overview
To understand OHS, it helps to understand how the lungs work. When you breathe, air passes through your nose and mouth into your windpipe. The air then travels to your lungs' air sacs. These sacs are called alveoli (al-VEE-uhl-eye).
Small blood vessels called capillaries (KAP-ih-lare-ees) run through the walls of the air sacs. When air reaches the air sacs, oxygen passes through the air sac walls into the blood in the capillaries. At the same time, carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries into the air sacs. This process is called gas exchange.
In people who have OHS, poor breathing prevents proper gas exchange. As a result, the level of carbon dioxide in the blood rises. Also, the level of oxygen in the blood drops.
These changes can lead to serious health problems, such as leg edema (e-DE-mah), pulmonary hypertension (PULL-mun-ary HI-per-TEN-shun), cor pulmonale (pul-meh-NAL-e), and secondary erythrocytosis (eh-RITH-ro-si-TOE-sis). If left untreated, OHS can even be fatal.
The cause of OHS isn't fully known. Researchers think that several factors may work together to cause the disorder.
Many people who have OHS also have obstructive sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder in which the airway collapses or is blocked during sleep. This causes pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while you sleep.
Obstructive sleep apnea disrupts your sleep and causes you to feel very tired during the day. (For more information, go to the Health Topics Sleep Apnea article.)
Outlook
Doctors treat OHS in a number of ways. One way is with positive airway pressure (PAP) machines, which are used during sleep.
PAP therapy uses mild air pressure to keep your airways open. Your doctor might recommend CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) or BiPAP (bilevel positive airway pressure).
If your doctor prescribes PAP therapy, you'll work with someone from a home equipment provider to select a CPAP or BiPAP machine. The home equipment provider will help you select a machine based on your prescription and the features that meet your needs.
Other treatments for OHS include ventilator (VEN-til-a-tor) support and medicines. (A ventilator is a machine that supports breathing.)
OHS occurs with obesity, so your doctor will likely recommend weight loss as part of your treatment plan. Successful weight loss often involves setting goals and making lifestyle changes, such as following a healthy diet and being physically active.
OHS can lead to other serious health problems, so following your treatment plan is important. Your health care team, home equipment provider, and family can help you manage your treatment.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
From NHLBI health topic site
(Posted: Jan 01, 2014 0AM)
What Is
Pulmonary fibrosis (PULL-mun-ary fi-BRO-sis) is a disease in which tissue deep in your lungs becomes thick and stiff, or scarred, over time. The formation of scar tissue is called fibrosis.
As the lung tissue thickens, your lungs can't properly move oxygen into your bloodstream. As a result, your brain and other organs don't get the oxygen they need. (For more information, go to the "How the Lungs Work" section of this article.)
Sometimes doctors can find out what's causing fibrosis. But in most cases, they can't find a cause. They call these cases idiopathic (id-ee-o-PATH-ick) pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
IPF is a serious disease that usually affects middle-aged and older adults. IPF varies from person to person. In some people, fibrosis happens quickly. In others, the process is much slower. In some people, the disease stays the same for years.
IPF has no cure yet. Many people live only about 3 to 5 years after diagnosis. The most common cause of death related to IPF is respiratory failure. Other causes of death include pulmonary hypertension (HI-per-TEN-shun), heart failure, pulmonary embolism (EM-bo-lizm), pneumonia (nu-MO-ne-ah), and lung cancer.
Genetics may play a role in causing IPF. If more than one member of your family has IPF, the disease is called familial IPF.
Research has helped doctors learn more about IPF. As a result, they can more quickly diagnose the disease now than in the past. Also, researchers are studying several medicines that may slow the progress of IPF. These efforts may improve the lifespan and quality of life for people who have the disease.
Other Names
?Idiopathic diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
?Pulmonary fibrosis of unknown cause
?Pulmonary fibrosis
?Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
?Usual interstitial pneumonitis
?Diffuse fibrosing alveolitis
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
From NCATS Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center
(Posted: Jan 01, 2011 0AM)
